5月15日7時(shí)18分，由中國(guó)航天科技集團(tuán)五院抓總研制的天問(wèn)一號(hào)火星探測(cè)器成功著陸火星，邁出了我國(guó)星際探測(cè)征程的重要一步，實(shí)現(xiàn)了從地月系到行星系的跨越。

May 15th, the Tianwen-1 Mars rover developed by the fifth institute of China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation successfully landed on Mars, taking an important step in China’s interstellar exploration journey and realizing the transition from the Earth-Moon system to the planets system.

?中國(guó)國(guó)家航天局/China National Space Administration

火星距離地球遙遠(yuǎn)、晝夜環(huán)境溫差大，對(duì)深空探測(cè)器的結(jié)構(gòu)極致輕量化和多功能一體化提出了更高要求，傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)難以滿足其性能指標(biāo)要求，金屬3D打印實(shí)現(xiàn)了火星探測(cè)任務(wù)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)支撐。

設(shè)計(jì)、材料、設(shè)備、工藝多方面攻關(guān)

/Design of the second, third, fourth hierarchical level lattice cells with (a) three-, (b) four-, (C) six-fold rotational symmetries

項(xiàng)目突破了基于金屬3D打印的極致輕量化三維點(diǎn)陣結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)，解決了深空探測(cè)器復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)部件的輕量化設(shè)計(jì)、功能集成與整體制造難題。完成了祝融號(hào)火星車相變儲(chǔ)能裝置結(jié)構(gòu)及承載結(jié)構(gòu)合計(jì)30余套關(guān)鍵部件的設(shè)計(jì)與正樣應(yīng)用。大幅減少結(jié)構(gòu)件數(shù)量，實(shí)現(xiàn)了產(chǎn)品減重40%~60%，研制周期縮短50%。

相變儲(chǔ)能裝置結(jié)構(gòu)（圖片為研制階段示意圖）

/Phase change energy storage device structure

Note: The picture is the schematic diagram of the development stage

?中國(guó)空間技術(shù)研究院總體設(shè)計(jì)部

連接角盒結(jié)構(gòu)（圖片為研制階段示意圖）

/Connecting corner box structure

?中國(guó)空間技術(shù)研究院總體設(shè)計(jì)部

上述金屬3D打印部件在天問(wèn)一號(hào)探測(cè)器及祝融號(hào)火星車的成功應(yīng)用，體現(xiàn)了金屬3D打印先進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)對(duì)于我國(guó)首次自主火星探測(cè)任務(wù)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)支撐，具有標(biāo)志性意義。

The successful application of the metal 3D printed parts in the Tianwen-1 probe and Zhurong Mars rover demonstrates metal 3D printing played the key role to pave the technical way out for the successful Mars exploration mission.

該研究成果得到了國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃、裝發(fā)共用技術(shù)項(xiàng)目、國(guó)防基礎(chǔ)科研項(xiàng)目、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金和中國(guó)科協(xié)青年人才托舉工程等項(xiàng)目的支持。

[1] Zhou, H., et al. 2021. Design of self-supporting lattices for additive manufacturing. J. Mech. Phys. Solid. 148, 104298.

[2] Li, C., et al. 2020. Architecture design of periodic truss-lattice cells for additive manufacturing. Addit. Manuf. 34, 101172.

[4] Zhang, X., et al. 2018. Vibration Tests of 3D Printed Satellite Structure Made of Lattice Sandwich Panels. AIAA J. 56(10):4213-4217.

[5] Liu, C. et al. 2020. Optimal design of shell-graded-infill structures by a hybrid MMC-MMV approach. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 369, 113187.